凝视和头部姿势估计模型的鲁棒性高度取决于标记的数据量。最近，生成建模在生成照片现实图像方面表现出了出色的结果，这可以减轻对标记数据的需求。但是，在新领域采用这种生成模型，同时保持其对不同图像属性的细粒度控制的能力，例如，凝视和头部姿势方向，是一个挑战性的问题。本文提出了Cuda-GHR，这是一种无监督的域适应框架，可以对凝视和头部姿势方向进行细粒度的控制，同时保留该人的外观相关因素。我们的框架同时学会了通过利用富含标签的源域和未标记的目标域来适应新的域和删除图像属性，例如外观，凝视方向和头部方向。基准测试数据集的广泛实验表明，所提出的方法在定量和定性评估上都可以胜过最先进的技术。此外，我们表明目标域中生成的图像标签对有效地传递知识并提高下游任务的性能。

Migraine is a high-prevalence and disabling neurological disorder. However, information migraine management in real-world settings could be limited to traditional health information sources. In this paper, we (i) verify that there is substantial migraine-related chatter available on social media (Twitter and Reddit), self-reported by migraine sufferers; (ii) develop a platform-independent text classification system for automatically detecting self-reported migraine-related posts, and (iii) conduct analyses of the self-reported posts to assess the utility of social media for studying this problem. We manually annotated 5750 Twitter posts and 302 Reddit posts. Our system achieved an F1 score of 0.90 on Twitter and 0.93 on Reddit. Analysis of information posted by our 'migraine cohort' revealed the presence of a plethora of relevant information about migraine therapies and patient sentiments associated with them. Our study forms the foundation for conducting an in-depth analysis of migraine-related information using social media data.

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) has shown its importance at user products for fast training, data efficiency, reduced overfitting etc. MTL achieves it by sharing the network parameters and training a network for multiple tasks simultaneously. However, MTL does not provide the solution, if each task needs training from a different dataset. In order to solve the stated problem, we have proposed an architecture named TreeDNN along with it's training methodology. TreeDNN helps in training the model with multiple datasets simultaneously, where each branch of the tree may need a different training dataset. We have shown in the results that TreeDNN provides competitive performance with the advantage of reduced ROM requirement for parameter storage and increased responsiveness of the system by loading only specific branch at inference time.

Predicting the political polarity of news headlines is a challenging task that becomes even more challenging in a multilingual setting with low-resource languages. To deal with this, we propose to utilise the Inferential Commonsense Knowledge via a Translate-Retrieve-Translate strategy to introduce a learning framework. To begin with, we use the method of translation and retrieval to acquire the inferential knowledge in the target language. We then employ an attention mechanism to emphasise important inferences. We finally integrate the attended inferences into a multilingual pre-trained language model for the task of bias prediction. To evaluate the effectiveness of our framework, we present a dataset of over 62.6K multilingual news headlines in five European languages annotated with their respective political polarities. We evaluate several state-of-the-art multilingual pre-trained language models since their performance tends to vary across languages (low/high resource). Evaluation results demonstrate that our proposed framework is effective regardless of the models employed. Overall, the best performing model trained with only headlines show 0.90 accuracy and F1, and 0.83 jaccard score. With attended knowledge in our framework, the same model show an increase in 2.2% accuracy and F1, and 3.6% jaccard score. Extending our experiments to individual languages reveals that the models we analyze for Slovenian perform significantly worse than other languages in our dataset. To investigate this, we assess the effect of translation quality on prediction performance. It indicates that the disparity in performance is most likely due to poor translation quality. We release our dataset and scripts at: https://github.com/Swati17293/KG-Multi-Bias for future research. Our framework has the potential to benefit journalists, social scientists, news producers, and consumers.

Agriculture is at the heart of the solution to achieve sustainability in feeding the world population, but advancing our understanding on how agricultural output responds to climatic variability is still needed. Precision Agriculture (PA), which is a management strategy that uses technology such as remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), and machine learning for decision making in the field, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance crop production, increase yield, and reduce water and nutrient losses and environmental impacts. In this context, multiple models to predict agricultural phenotypes, such as crop yield, from genomics (G), environment (E), weather and soil, and field management practices (M) have been developed. These models have traditionally been based on mechanistic or statistical approaches. However, AI approaches are intrinsically well-suited to model complex interactions and have more recently been developed, outperforming classical methods. Here, we present a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based neural network architecture to process the G, E and M inputs and their interactions. We show that by modeling DNA as natural language, our approach performs better than previous approaches when tested for new environments and similarly to other approaches for unseen seed varieties.

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables the training of a shared global model across distributed clients while keeping the training data local. While most prior work on designing systems for FL has focused on using stateful always running components, recent work has shown that components in an FL system can greatly benefit from the usage of serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service technologies. To this end, distributed training of models with severless FL systems can be more resource-efficient and cheaper than conventional FL systems. However, serverless FL systems still suffer from the presence of stragglers, i.e., slow clients due to their resource and statistical heterogeneity. While several strategies have been proposed for mitigating stragglers in FL, most methodologies do not account for the particular characteristics of serverless environments, i.e., cold-starts, performance variations, and the ephemeral stateless nature of the function instances. Towards this, we propose FedLesScan, a novel clustering-based semi-asynchronous training strategy, specifically tailored for serverless FL. FedLesScan dynamically adapts to the behaviour of clients and minimizes the effect of stragglers on the overall system. We implement our strategy by extending an open-source serverless FL system called FedLess. Moreover, we comprehensively evaluate our strategy using the 2nd generation Google Cloud Functions with four datasets and varying percentages of stragglers. Results from our experiments show that compared to other approaches FedLesScan reduces training time and cost by an average of 8% and 20% respectively while utilizing clients better with an average increase in the effective update ratio of 17.75%.

Measuring and monitoring soil organic carbon is critical for agricultural productivity and for addressing critical environmental problems. Soil organic carbon not only enriches nutrition in soil, but also has a gamut of co-benefits such as improving water storage and limiting physical erosion. Despite a litany of work in soil organic carbon estimation, current approaches do not generalize well across soil conditions and management practices. We empirically show that explicit modeling of cause-and-effect relationships among the soil processes improves the out-of-distribution generalizability of prediction models. We provide a comparative analysis of soil organic carbon estimation models where the skeleton is estimated using causal discovery methods. Our framework provide an average improvement of 81% in test mean squared error and 52% in test mean absolute error.

本文研究了与可解释的AI（XAI）实践有关的两个不同但相关的问题。机器学习（ML）在金融服务中越来越重要，例如预批准，信用承销，投资以及各种前端和后端活动。机器学习可以自动检测培训数据中的非线性和相互作用，从而促进更快，更准确的信用决策。但是，机器学习模型是不透明的，难以解释，这是建立可靠技术所需的关键要素。该研究比较了各种机器学习模型，包括单个分类器（逻辑回归，决策树，LDA，QDA），异质集合（Adaboost，随机森林）和顺序神经网络。结果表明，整体分类器和神经网络的表现优于表现。此外，使用基于美国P2P贷款平台Lending Club提供的开放式访问数据集评估了两种先进的事后不可解释能力 - 石灰和外形来评估基于ML的信用评分模型。对于这项研究，我们还使用机器学习算法来开发新的投资模型，并探索可以最大化盈利能力同时最大程度地降低风险的投资组合策略。

在线广告最近已发展成为一个竞争激烈且复杂的数十亿美元行业，广告商在大型和高频上竞标广告插槽。这导致对有效的“自动招标”算法的需求日益增长，这些算法确定了传入查询的投标，以最大程度地提高广告商的目标，但受其指定的约束。这项工作探讨了在日益流行的约束下，为单个价值最大化广告商提供有效的在线算法：返回式增长（ROS）。相对于最佳算法，我们对遗憾进行了量化效率，该算法知道所有查询所有查询都是先验的。我们贡献了一种简单的在线算法，该算法在期望中实现了近乎最佳的遗憾，同时始终尊重指定的ROS约束，当查询的输入顺序为i.i.d.来自某些分布的样本。我们还将结果与Balseiro，Lu和Mirrokni [BLM20]的先前工作相结合，以实现近乎最佳的遗憾，同时尊重ROS和固定的预算限制。我们的算法遵循原始的二重式框架，并使用在线镜像下降（OMD）进行双重更新。但是，我们需要使用非典型的OMD设置，因此需要使用OMD的经典低rebret保证，该保证是用于在线学习中的对抗性环境的，不再存在。尽管如此，在我们的情况下，在更普遍的情况下，在算法设计中应用低纤维动力学的情况下，OMD遇到的梯度可能远非对抗性，但受我们的算法选择的影响。我们利用这一关键见解来显示我们的OMD设置在我们的算法领域中造成了低落的遗憾。

机器学习中的许多基本问题可以通过convex程序\ [\ min _ {\ theta \ in r^d} \ sum_ {i = 1}^{n} f_ {i}（\ theta），\]每个$ f_i $都是一个凸，Lipschitz函数在$ \ theta $的$ d_i $坐标的子集中支持。以随机梯度下降为例，解决此问题的一种常见方法涉及在每次迭代时对一个$ f_i $术语进行采样以取得进展。这种方法至关重要地依赖于$ f_i $的均匀性概念，该概念正式通过其状况编号捕获。在这项工作中，我们给出了一种将上述凸公式最小化为$ \ epsilon $ -Accuracy in $ \ widetilde {o}（\ sum_ {i = 1}^n d_i \ log（1 /\ epsilon）$计算，没有关于条件号的假设。以前的最佳算法独立于条件编号是标准切割平面方法，它需要$ o（nd \ log（1/\ epsilon））$渐变计算。作为推论，我们改善了Axiotis等人的评估甲骨文的复杂性，可分解性下的最小化。 （ICML 2021）。我们的主要技术贡献是一种自适应程序，可以通过切割平面和内点方法的新型组合在每次迭代中选择$ f_i $项。